前面的章节中我们已经学会了 ionic 框架如何导入到项目中。
接下来我们将为大家介绍如何创建一个 ionic APP 应用。
ionic 创建 APP 使用 HTML、CSS 和 Javascript 来构建,所以我们可以创建一个 www 目录,并在目录下创建 index.html 文件,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Todo</title> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, width=device-width"> <link href="lib/ionic/css/ionic.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="lib/ionic/js/ionic.bundle.js"></script> <!-- 在使用 Cordova/PhoneGap 创建的 APP 中包含的文件,由 Cordova/PhoneGap 提供,(开发过程中显示 404) --> <script src="cordova.js"></script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
以上代码中,我们引入了 Ionic CSS 文件、 Ionic JS 文件及 Ionic AngularJS 扩展ionic.bundle.js(ionic.bundle.js)。
ionic.bundle.js 文件已经包含了 Ionic核心JS、AngularJS、Ionic的AngularJS扩展,如果你需要引入其他 Angular 模块,可以从 lib/js/angular 目录中调用。
cordova.js 是在使用 Cordova/PhoneGap 创建应用时生成的,不需要手动引入,你可以在 Cordova/PhoneGap 项目中找到该文件,所以在开发过程中显示 404 是正常的。
接下来我们来实现一个包含标题、侧边栏、列表等的应用,设计图如下:
侧边栏创建使用 ion-side-menus 控制器。
编辑我们先前创建的 index.html 文件,修改 <body> 内的内容,如下所示:
<body> <ion-side-menus> <ion-side-menu-content> </ion-side-menu-content> <ion-side-menu side="left"> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus> </body>
控制器解析:
ion-side-menus:
是一个带有边栏菜单的容器,可以通过点击按钮或者滑动屏幕来展开菜单。
ion-side-menu-content
:展示主要内容的容器,可以通过滑动屏幕来展开menu。
ion-side-menu
:存放侧边栏的容器。
接下来我们创建一个新的 AngularJS 模块,并初始化,代码位于 www/js/app.js 中:
angular.module('todo', ['ionic'])之后在我们的 body 标签中添加 ng-app 属性:
<body ng-app="todo">在 index.html 文件的 <script src="cordova.js"></script> 上面引入 app.js 文件:
<script src="js/app.js"></script>修改 index.html 文件 body 标签的内容,代码如下所示:
<body ng-app="todo"> <ion-side-menus> <!-- 中心内容 --> <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content> <!-- 左侧菜单 --> <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> </ion-header-bar> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus> </body>以上步骤我们已经完成了 ionic 基本 APP 的应用。
首先创建一个控制器 TodoCtrl
:
<body ng-app="todo" ng-controller="TodoCtrl">在app.js文件中,使用控制器定义列表数据:
angular.module('todo', ['ionic']) .controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.tasks = [ { title: '芝麻教程' }, { title: 'www.web3.xin' }, { title: '芝麻教程' }, { title: 'www.web3.xin' } ]; });在index.html页面中数据列表我们使用 Angular ng-repeat 来迭代数据:
<!-- 中心内容 --> <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content> <!-- 列表 --> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content>修改后 index.html body 标签内代码如下:
<body ng-app="todo" ng-controller="TodoCtrl"> <ion-side-menus> <!-- 中心内容 --> <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content> <!-- 列表 --> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content> <!-- 左侧菜单 --> <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> </ion-header-bar> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus> <script src="http://www.web3.xin/static/ionic/js/app.js"></script> <script src="cordova.js"></script> </body>
修改 index.html 在 </ion-side-menus>
后添加如下代码:
<script id="new-task.html" type="text/ng-template"> <div class="modal"> <!-- Modal header bar --> <ion-header-bar class="bar-secondary"> <h1 class="title">New Task</h1> <button class="button button-clear button-positive" ng-click="closeNewTask()">Cancel</button> </ion-header-bar> <!-- Modal content area --> <ion-content> <form ng-submit="createTask(task)"> <div class="list"> <label class="item item-input"> <input type="text" placeholder="What do you need to do?" ng-model="task.title"> </label> </div> <div class="padding"> <button type="submit" class="button button-block button-positive">Create Task</button> </div> </form> </ion-content> </div> </script>
以上代码中我们通过 <script id="new-task.html" type="text/ng-template">
定义了新的模板页面。
表单提交时触发 createTask(task) 函数。
ng-model="task.title" 会将表单的输入数据赋值给 task 对象的 title 属性。
修改 <ion-side-menu-content>
内的内容,代码如下:
<!-- 中心内容 --> <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1> <!-- 新增按钮--> <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()"> <i class="icon ion-compose"></i> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content> <!-- 列表 --> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content>app.js 文件中,控制器代码如下:
angular.module('todo', ['ionic']) .controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope, $ionicModal) { $scope.tasks = [ { title: '芝麻教程' }, { title: 'www.web3.xin' }, { title: '菜芝麻教程' }, { title: 'www.web3.xin' } ]; // 创建并载入模型 $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('new-task.html', function(modal) { $scope.taskModal = modal; }, { scope: $scope, animation: 'slide-in-up' }); // 表单提交时调用 $scope.createTask = function(task) { $scope.tasks.push({ title: task.title }); $scope.taskModal.hide(); task.title = ""; }; // 打开新增的模型 $scope.newTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.show(); }; // 关闭新增的模型 $scope.closeNewTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.hide(); }; });
通过以上步骤我们已经实现了新增功能,现在我们为 app 添加侧边栏功能。
修改<ion-side-menu-content>
内的内容,代码如下:
<!-- 中心内容 --> <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="toggleProjects()"> <i class="icon ion-navicon"></i> </button> <h1 class="title">{{activeProject.title}}</h1> <!-- 新增按钮 --> <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()"> <i class="icon ion-compose"></i> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in activeProject.tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content>添加侧边栏:
<!-- 左边栏 --> <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> <button class="button button-icon ion-plus" ng-click="newProject()"> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="project in projects" ng-click="selectProject(project, $index)" ng-class="{active: activeProject == project}"> {{project.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu>
ion-item> 中的 ng-class 指令设置菜单激活样式。
这里我们创建一个新的js 文件 app2.js(为了不与前面的混淆),代码如下:
angular.module('todo', ['ionic']) /** * The Projects factory handles saving and loading projects * from local storage, and also lets us save and load the * last active project index. */ .factory('Projects', function() { return { all: function() { var projectString = window.localStorage['projects']; if(projectString) { return angular.fromJson(projectString); } return []; }, save: function(projects) { window.localStorage['projects'] = angular.toJson(projects); }, newProject: function(projectTitle) { // Add a new project return { title: projectTitle, tasks: [] }; }, getLastActiveIndex: function() { return parseInt(window.localStorage['lastActiveProject']) || 0; }, setLastActiveIndex: function(index) { window.localStorage['lastActiveProject'] = index; } } }) .controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope, $timeout, $ionicModal, Projects, $ionicSideMenuDelegate) { // A utility function for creating a new project // with the given projectTitle var createProject = function(projectTitle) { var newProject = Projects.newProject(projectTitle); $scope.projects.push(newProject); Projects.save($scope.projects); $scope.selectProject(newProject, $scope.projects.length-1); } // Load or initialize projects $scope.projects = Projects.all(); // Grab the last active, or the first project $scope.activeProject = $scope.projects[Projects.getLastActiveIndex()]; // Called to create a new project $scope.newProject = function() { var projectTitle = prompt('Project name'); if(projectTitle) { createProject(projectTitle); } }; // Called to select the given project $scope.selectProject = function(project, index) { $scope.activeProject = project; Projects.setLastActiveIndex(index); $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft(false); }; // Create our modal $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('new-task.html', function(modal) { $scope.taskModal = modal; }, { scope: $scope }); $scope.createTask = function(task) { if(!$scope.activeProject || !task) { return; } $scope.activeProject.tasks.push({ title: task.title }); $scope.taskModal.hide(); // Inefficient, but save all the projects Projects.save($scope.projects); task.title = ""; }; $scope.newTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.show(); }; $scope.closeNewTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.hide(); } $scope.toggleProjects = function() { $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft(); }; // Try to create the first project, make sure to defer // this by using $timeout so everything is initialized // properly $timeout(function() { if($scope.projects.length == 0) { while(true) { var projectTitle = prompt('Your first project title:'); if(projectTitle) { createProject(projectTitle); break; } } } }); });body 中 ion-side-menus 代码如下:
<ion-side-menus> <!-- 中心内容 --> <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="toggleProjects()"> <i class="icon ion-navicon"></i> </button> <h1 class="title">{{activeProject.title}}</h1> <!-- 新增按钮 --> <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()"> <i class="icon ion-compose"></i> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in activeProject.tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content> <!-- 左边栏 --> <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> <button class="button button-icon ion-plus" ng-click="newProject()"> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="project in projects" ng-click="selectProject(project, $index)" ng-class="{active: activeProject == project}"> {{project.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus>