PL/SQL包是组逻辑相关的PL/SQL类型，变量和子程序模式对象。
程序包将有两个强制性的部分：
包装规范定义
包体或定义
规范是接口到包。它只是声明的类型，变量，常量，异常，游标和子程序可从封装外部引用。换句话说，它包含关于包的内容的所有信息，但不包括用于子程序的代码。
置于规范的所有对象被称为公共对象。任何子程序在封装主体中没有包定义但编码被称为私有对象。
下面的代码片段显示了具有单一的程序包规范定义。一个包中可以定义的全局变量和多个程序或函数。
| CREATE PACKAGE cust_sal AS |
| PROCEDURE find_sal(c_id customers.id%type); |
| END cust_sal; |
| / |
当上述代码在SQL提示符执行时，它产生了以下结果：
Package created.
包体已经在包定义和其他私人声明中声明的各种方法，这是从代码隐藏在包外的代码。
CREATE PACKAGE BODY语句用于创建包体。下面的代码片段显示了包体声明上面创建的cust_sal包。
| CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY cust_sal AS |
| PROCEDURE find_sal(c_id customers.id%TYPE) IS |
| c_sal customers.salary%TYPE; |
| BEGIN |
| SELECT salary INTO c_sal |
| FROM customers |
| WHERE id = c_id; |
| dbms_output.put_line('Salary: '|| c_sal); |
| END find_sal; |
| END cust_sal; |
| / |
Package body created.
访问包元素（变量，过程或函数）的语法如下：
| package_name.element_name; |
| DECLARE |
| code customers.id%type := &cc_id; |
| BEGIN |
| cust_sal.find_sal(code); |
| END; |
| / |
Enter value for cc_id: 1 Salary: 3000 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
下面的程序提供了一个更为完整的方案。我们将使用存储在数据库中的CUSTOMERS表的以下记录：
| Select * from customers; |
| +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ |
| | ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | |
| +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ |
| | 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 3000.00 | |
| | 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 3000.00 | |
| | 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 3000.00 | |
| | 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 7500.00 | |
| | 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 9500.00 | |
| | 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 5500.00 | |
| +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ |
| CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE c_package AS |
| -- Adds a customer |
| PROCEDURE addCustomer(c_id customers.id%type, |
| c_name customers.name%type, |
| c_age customers.age%type, |
| c_addr customers.address%type, |
| c_sal customers.salary%type); |
| -- Removes a customer |
| PROCEDURE delCustomer(c_id customers.id%TYPE); |
| --Lists all customers |
| PROCEDURE listCustomer; |
| END c_package; |
| / |
Package created.
| CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY c_package AS |
| PROCEDURE addCustomer(c_id customers.id%type, |
| c_name customers.name%type, |
| c_age customers.age%type, |
| c_addr customers.address%type, |
| c_sal customers.salary%type) |
| IS |
| BEGIN |
| INSERT INTO customers (id,name,age,address,salary) |
| VALUES(c_id, c_name, c_age, c_addr, c_sal); |
| END addCustomer; |
| PROCEDURE delCustomer(c_id customers.id%type) IS |
| BEGIN |
| DELETE FROM customers |
| WHERE id = c_id; |
| END delCustomer; |
| PROCEDURE listCustomer IS |
| CURSOR c_customers is |
| SELECT name FROM customers; |
| TYPE c_list is TABLE OF customers.name%type; |
| name_list c_list := c_list(); |
| counter integer :=0; |
| BEGIN |
| FOR n IN c_customers LOOP |
| counter := counter +1; |
| name_list.extend; |
| name_list(counter) := n.name; |
| dbms_output.put_line('Customer(' ||counter|| ')'||name_list(counter)); |
| END LOOP; |
| END listCustomer; |
| END c_package; |
| / |
Package body created.
下面的程序使用声明并在包c_package中定义方法。
| DECLARE |
| code customers.id%type:= 8; |
| BEGIN |
| c_package.addcustomer(7, 'Rajnish', 25, 'Chennai', 3500); |
| c_package.addcustomer(8, 'Subham', 32, 'Delhi', 7500); |
| c_package.listcustomer; |
| c_package.delcustomer(code); |
| c_package.listcustomer; |
| END; |
| / |
Customer(1): Ramesh Customer(2): Khilan Customer(3): kaushik Customer(4): Chaitali Customer(5): Hardik Customer(6): Komal Customer(7): Rajnish Customer(8): Subham Customer(1): Ramesh Customer(2): Khilan Customer(3): kaushik Customer(4): Chaitali Customer(5): Hardik Customer(6): Komal Customer(7): Rajnish PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
