一般来说，索引是系统地排列文档或(其他实体)。索引使用户能够在文档中快速地查找信息。
在Apache Solr中，我们可以索引(添加，删除，修改)各种文档格式，如xml，csv，pdf等。可以通过几种方式向Solr索引添加数据。
在本章中，将讨论创建索引的几个方法 -
在本章中，将讨论如何使用各种接口(命令行，Web界面和Java客户端API)向Apache Solr的索引添加数据，
Solr在其bin/目录中有一个post命令。使用这个命令，可以在Apache Solr中索引各种格式的文件，例如JSON，XML，CSV。
进入到Apache Solr的bin目录并执行post命令的-h选项，如以下代码块所示。
| web3@ubuntu:/usr/local/solr-6.4.0/bin$ cd $SOLR_HOME |
| web3@ubuntu:/usr/local/solr-6.4.0/bin$ ./post -h |
post命令的选项列表，如下所示。
| Usage: post -c <collection> [OPTIONS] <files|directories|urls|-d [".."]> |
| or post –help |
| collection name defaults to DEFAULT_SOLR_COLLECTION if not specified |
| OPTIONS |
| ======= |
| Solr options: |
| -url <base Solr update URL> (overrides collection, host, and port) |
| -host <host> (default: localhost) |
| -p or -port <port> (default: 8983) |
| -commit yes|no (default: yes) |
| Web crawl options: |
| -recursive <depth> (default: 1) |
| -delay <seconds> (default: 10) |
| Directory crawl options: |
| -delay <seconds> (default: 0) |
| stdin/args options: |
| -type <content/type> (default: application/xml) |
| Other options: |
| -filetypes <type>[,<type>,...] (default: |
| xml,json,jsonl,csv,pdf,doc,docx,ppt,pptx,xls,xlsx,odt,odp,ods,ott,otp,ots, |
| rtf,htm,html,txt,log) |
| -params "<key> = <value>[&<key> = <value>...]" (values must be |
| URL-encoded; these pass through to Solr update request) |
| -out yes|no (default: no; yes outputs Solr response to console) |
| -format Solr (sends application/json content as Solr commands |
| to /update instead of /update/json/docs) |
| Examples: |
| * JSON file:./post -c wizbang events.json |
| * XML files: ./post -c records article*.xml |
| * CSV file: ./post -c signals LATEST-signals.csv |
| * Directory of files: ./post -c myfiles ~/Documents |
| * Web crawl: ./post -c gettingstarted http://lucene.apache.org/Solr -recursive 1 -delay 1 |
| * Standard input (stdin): echo '{commit: {}}' | ./post -c my_collection - |
| type application/json -out yes –d |
| * Data as string: ./post -c signals -type text/csv -out yes -d $'id,value\n1,0.47' |
假设有一个名称为sample.csv的文件，其内容如下(这个文件也在`bin目录中)。
上述数据集包含个人详细信息，如学生ID，名字，姓氏，电话和城市。数据集的CSV文件如下所示。 在这里必须注意：数据记录的第一行。
| id, first_name, last_name, phone_no, location |
| 001, Pruthvi, Reddy, 9848022337, Hyderabad |
| 002, kasyap, Sastry, 9848022338, Vishakapatnam |
| 003, Rajesh, Khanna, 9848022339, Delhi |
| 004, Preethi, Agarwal, 9848022330, Pune |
| 005, Trupthi, Mohanty, 9848022336, Bhubaneshwar |
| 006, Archana, Mishra, 9848022335, Chennai |
post命令在名称为Solr_sample的核心下，对此数据编制索引，如下所示：
| web3@ubuntu:/usr/local/solr-6.4.0/bin$ ./post -c solr_sample sample.csv |
| web3@ubuntu:/usr/local/solr-6.4.0/bin$ ./post -c solr_sample sample.csv |
| /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_65/bin/java -classpath /usr/local/solr-6.4.0/dist/solr-core-6.4.0.jar -Dauto=yes -Dc=solr_sample -Ddata=files org.apache.solr.util.SimplePostTool sample.csv |
| SimplePostTool version 5.0.0 |
| Posting files to [base] url http://localhost:8983/solr/solr_sample/update... |
| Entering auto mode. File endings considered are xml,json,jsonl,csv,pdf,doc,docx,ppt,pptx,xls,xlsx,odt,odp,ods,ott,otp,ots,rtf,htm,html,txt,log |
| POSTing file sample.csv (text/csv) to [base] |
| 1 files indexed. |
| COMMITting Solr index changes to http://localhost:8983/solr/solr_sample/update... |
| Time spent: 0:00:00.663 |
| [ |
| { |
| "id" : "001", |
| "name" : "Ram", |
| "age" : 53, |
| "Designation" : "Manager", |
| "Location" : "Hyderabad", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id" : "002", |
| "name" : "Robert", |
| "age" : 43, |
| "Designation" : "SR.Programmer", |
| "Location" : "Chennai", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id" : "003", |
| "name" : "Rahim", |
| "age" : 25, |
| "Designation" : "JR.Programmer", |
| "Location" : "Delhi", |
| } |
| ] |
以下是Java程序向Apache Solr索引添加文档代码。将代码保存在AddingDocument.java文件中。
| import java.io.IOException; |
| import org.apache.Solr.client.Solrj.SolrClient; |
| import org.apache.Solr.client.Solrj.SolrServerException; |
| import org.apache.Solr.client.Solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient; |
| import org.apache.Solr.common.SolrInputDocument; |
| public class AddingDocument { |
| public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { |
| //Preparing the Solr client |
| String urlString = "http://localhost:8983/Solr/my_core"; |
| SolrClient Solr = new HttpSolrClient.Builder(urlString).build(); |
| //Preparing the Solr document |
| SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument(); |
| //Adding fields to the document |
| doc.addField("id", "003"); |
| doc.addField("name", "Rajaman"); |
| doc.addField("age","34"); |
| doc.addField("addr","vishakapatnam"); |
| //Adding the document to Solr |
| Solr.add(doc); |
| //Saving the changes |
| Solr.commit(); |
| System.out.println("Documents added"); |
| } |
| } |
| web3@ubuntu:/usr/local/solr-6.4.0/bin$ javac AddingDocument.java |
| web3@ubuntu:/usr/local/solr-6.4.0/bin$ java AddingDocument |
| Documents added |
