在玩 Git 的过程中,常有失误的时候,有时把需要的东东给删了。不过没有关系,Git 给了我们一层安全网,让们能有机会把失去的东西给找回来。
我们先创建一个用以实验的仓库,在里面创建了若干个提交和分支。 BTW:你可以直接把下面的命令复制到 shell 里执行。
mkdir recovery;cd recovery git init touch file git add file git commit -m "First commit" echo "Hello World" > file git add . git commit -m "Greetings" git branch cool_branch git checkout cool_branch echo "What up world?" > cool_file git add . git commit -m "Now that was cool" git checkout master echo "What does that mean?" >> file
现在 repo 里有两个 branch
$ git branch cool_branch * master
存储当前仓库未提交的改动
$ git stash save "temp save" Saved working directory and index state On master: temp save HEAD is now at e3c9b6b Greetings
$ git branch -D cool_branch Deleted branch cool_branch (was 2e43cd5). $ git branch * master
用git fsck --lost-found命令找出刚才删除的分支里面的提交对象。
$git fsck --lost-found dangling commit 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
用git show命令查看一个找到的对象的内容,看是否为我们所找的。
git show 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a commit 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a Author: liuhui <liuhui998[#]gmail.com> Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010 +0800 Now that was cool diff --git a/cool_file b/cool_file new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79c2b89 --- /dev/null +++ b/cool_file @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +What up world?
这个提交对象确实是我们在前面删除的分支的内容;下面我们就要考虑一下要如何来恢复它了。
$git rebase 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it... Fast-forwarded master to 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
现在我们用git log命令看一下,看看它有没有恢复:
$ git log commit 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a Author: liuhui <liuhui998[#]gmail.com> Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010 +0800 Now that was cool commit e3c9b6b967e6e8c762b500202b146f514af2cb05 Author: liuhui <liuhui998[#]gmail.com> Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010 +0800 Greetings commit 5e90516a4a369be01b54323eb8b2660545051764 Author: liuhui <liuhui998[#]gmail.com> Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010 +0800 First commit
提交是找回来,但是分支没有办法找回来:
liuhui@liuhui:~/work/test/git/recovery$ git branch * master
我们把刚才的恢复的提交删除
$ git reset --hard HEAD^ HEAD is now at e3c9b6b Greetings
再把刚删的提交给找回来:
git fsck --lost-found dangling commit 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
不过这回我们用是合并命令进行恢复:
$ git merge 2e43cd56ee4fb08664cd843cd32836b54fbf594a Updating e3c9b6b..2e43cd5 Fast-forward cool_file | 1 + 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 cool_file
前面我们用 git stash 把没有提交的内容进行了存储,如果这个存储不小心删了怎么办呢?
当前 repo 里有的存储:
$ git stash list stash@{0}: On master: temp save
把它们清空:
$git stash clear liuhui@liuhui:~/work/test/git/recovery$ git stash list
再用git fsck --lost-found找回来:
$git fsck --lost-found dangling commit 674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067
用git show看一下回来的内容对不对:
$git show 674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067 commit 674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067 Merge: e3c9b6b 2b2b41e Author: liuhui <liuhui998[#]gmail.com> Date: Sat Oct 23 13:44:49 2010 +0800 On master: temp save diff --cc file index 557db03,557db03..f2a8bf3 --- a/file +++ b/file @@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,2 @@@ Hello World ++What does that mean?
看起来没有问题,好的,那么我就把它恢复了吧:
$ git merge 674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067 Merge made by recursive. file | 1 + 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
这篇文章主要内容来自这里:The illustrated guide to recovering lost commits with Git,我做了一些整理的工作。
如果对于文中的一些命令不熟,可以参考 Git Community Book 中文版
其实这里最重要的一个命令就是:git fsck --lost-found,因为 Git 中把 commit 删了后,并不是真正的删除,而是变成了悬空对象(dangling commit)。我们只要把把这悬空对象(dangling commit)找出来,用 git rebase也好,用git merge也行就能把它们给恢复。