下面的例子将演示网页如何通过 AJAX 从数据库读取信息: 请在下面的下拉列表中选择一个客户:
<html><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script> function showCustomer(str) { var xmlhttp; if (str=="") { document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=""; return; } if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else {// code for IE6, IE5 xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200) { document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; } } xmlhttp.open("GET","/try/ajax/getcustomer.php?q="+str,true); xmlhttp.send(); } </script> </head> <body> <form action=""> <select name="customers" onchange="showCustomer(this.value)" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <option value="APPLE">Apple Computer, Inc.</option> <option value="BAIDU ">BAIDU, Inc</option> <option value="Canon">Canon USA, Inc.</option> <option value="Google">Google, Inc.</option> <option value="Nokia">Nokia Corporation</option> <option value="SONY">Sony Corporation of America</option> </select> </form> <br> <div id="txtHint">Customer info will be listed here...</div> </body> </html>
当用户在上面的下拉列表中选择某个客户时,会执行名为 "showCustomer()" 的函数。该函数由 "onchange" 事件触发:
function showCustomer(str) { var xmlhttp; if (str=="") { document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=""; return; } if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else {// code for IE6, IE5 xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200) { document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; } } xmlhttp.open("GET","getcustomer.html?q="+str,true); xmlhttp.send(); }
showCustomer() 函数执行以下任务:
由上面的 JavaScript 调用的服务器页面是 PHP 文件,名为 "getcustomer.php"。
用 PHP 编写服务器文件也很容易,或者用其他服务器语言。请看用 PHP 编写的相应的例子。
"getcustomer.php" 中的源代码负责对数据库进行查询,然后用 HTML 表格返回结果:
AJAX 服务器页面
<%
response.expires=-1
sql="SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CUSTOMERID="
sql=sql & "'" & request.querystring("q") & "'"
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open(Server.Mappath("/db/northwind.mdb"))
set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")
rs.Open sql,conn
response.write("<table>")
do until rs.EOF
for each x in rs.Fields
response.write("<tr><td><b>" & x.name & "</b></td>")
response.write("<td>" & x.value & "</td></tr>")
next
rs.MoveNext
loop
response.write("</table>")
%>