我们已经看到，通过指定的格式格式字符串：
format!("{}", foo) -> "3735928559"
format!("0x{:X}", foo) -> "0xDEADBEEF"
format!("0o{:o}", foo) -> "0o33653337357"
相同的变量(foo)可以格式化成不同形式，具体取决于使用哪个参数类型: X vso 和 unspecified.
这种格式化功能是通过特征来实现，并且每一个参数的类型有各个特征。最常见的格式特征是 Display, 它处理参数类型的未指定情况，例如： {}
| use std::fmt::{self, Formatter, Display}; |
| struct City { |
| name: &'static str, |
| // Latitude |
| lat: f32, |
| // Longitude |
| lon: f32, |
| } |
| impl Display for City { |
| // `f` is a buffer, this method must write the formatted string into it |
| fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result { |
| let lat_c = if self.lat >= 0.0 { 'N' } else { 'S' }; |
| let lon_c = if self.lon >= 0.0 { 'E' } else { 'W' }; |
| // `write!` is like `format!`, but it will write the formatted string |
| // into a buffer (the first argument) |
| write!(f, "{}: {:.3}°{} {:.3}°{}", |
| self.name, self.lat.abs(), lat_c, self.lon.abs(), lon_c) |
| } |
| } |
| fn main() { |
| for city in [ |
| City { name: "Dublin", lat: 53.347778, lon: -6.259722 }, |
| City { name: "Oslo", lat: 59.95, lon: 10.75 }, |
| City { name: "Vancouver", lat: 49.25, lon: -123.1 }, |
| ].iter() { |
| println!("{}", *city); |
| } |
| } |
下面是格式化特征和它们各自的参数类型的完整列表：
Display
? -> Debug
o -> Octal
x -> LowerHex
X -> UpperHex
p -> Pointer
b -> Binary
e -> LowerExp
E -> UpperExp
