数组是同一类型的对象的集合 T
, 存储在连续内存中。 用方括号 []
创建数组, 以及它们的大小在编译的时候判定,是它们的类型签名的一部分 [T; size]
.
切片和数组相似,但它们的大小在编译时是不知道的. 相反,切片是一个双字对象,第一个字是一个指针中的数据,第二个字是切片的长度。切片可借用数组的截面,并具有式签名 &[T]
.
use std::mem; |
// This function borrows a slice |
fn analyze_slice(slice: &[i32]) { |
println!("first element of the slice: {}", slice[0]); |
println!("the slice has {} elements", slice.len()); |
} |
fn main() { |
// Fixed-size array (type signature is superfluous) |
let xs: [i32; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; |
// All elements can be initialized to the same value |
let ys: [i32; 500] = [0; 500]; |
// Indexing starts at 0 |
println!("first element of the array: {}", xs[0]); |
println!("second element of the array: {}", xs[1]); |
// `len` returns the size of the array |
println!("array size: {}", xs.len()); |
// Arrays are stack allocated |
println!("array occupies {} bytes", mem::size_of_val(&xs)); |
// Arrays can be automatically borrowed as slices |
println!("borrow the whole array as a slice"); |
analyze_slice(&xs); |
// Slices can point to a section of an array |
println!("borrow a section of the array as a slice"); |
analyze_slice(&ys[1 .. 4]); |
// Out of bound indexing yields a panic |
println!("{}", xs[5]); |
} |